Carbon dioxide sequestration in cement kiln dust through miner carbonation

........................................................................................................................ i PREFACE.......................................................................................................................... iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS............................................................................................... iv UNIFYING CHAPTER...................................................................................................... 1 General Overview ........................................................................................................... 1 Background ..................................................................................................................... 2 Nature of the Problem................................................................................................. 2 Carbon Cycle .............................................................................................................. 3 Anthropogenic Carbon Emissions .............................................................................. 4 Response to Rising Emissions .................................................................................... 4 Sequestration............................................................................................................... 6 Mineral Carbonation in Alkaline Wastes.................................................................... 7 Purpose and Scope of Technical Work........................................................................... 9 Theoretical Capacity ..................................................................................................... 11 Major Findings of Technical Work............................................................................... 12 Core Paper: Carbon Sequestration in CKD from Waste Piles.................................. 12 Batch Paper: Carbon Sequestration in CKD through Mineral Carbonation ............. 14 Column Paper: Effects of Vapor Transport and Particle-Scale Reaction Mechanisms on the Extent of Carbonation in CKD....................................................................... 21 Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive X-ray (SEM-EDX) .......... 27 Reaction Pathways: ............................................................................................... 28 Precipitation Mechanisms:.................................................................................... 29 LCA Paper: Life Cycle Assessment of Portland Cement Manufacturing ................ 32 Conclusions................................................................................................................... 37 Reference Cited............................................................................................................. 39 CORE PAPER: Mineral Carbonation for Carbon Sequestration in Cement Kiln Dust from Waste Piles BATCH PAPER: Carbon Dioxide Sequestration in Cement Kiln Dust through Mineral Carbonation COLUMN PAPER: Effects of Vapor Transport and Particle-Scale Reaction Mechanisms on the Extent of Carbonation in Cement Kiln Dust LCA PAPER: A Life Cycle Assessment of Portland Cement Manufacturing: Traditional Process with Alternative Technologies APPENDIX I: The Feasibility of Carbon Emission Control Policies within the United States APPENDIX II: Laboratory Data and Supporting Tables for Mansucripts [CD ROM]